Sexually Transmitted Infections/Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STIs/STDs) Treatment in Delhi

An infection caused due to sexual contact, leading to transmission of bacteria, viruses or parasites, is known as a sexually transmitted infection that can potentially turn into a sexually transmitted disease. Treatment can depend on your diagnosis. Visit today Dr Monga’s in Delhi, your trusted STD Specialist to get rid of any type of sexually transmitted infection.

What is a sexually transmitted infection OR sexually transmitted disease?

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be contracted through various sexual activities involving the mouth, anus, vagina, or penis. They are also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

STIs manifest in various forms, with common symptoms including genital discomfort such as burning, itching, or unusual discharge. It is worth noting that some STIs exhibit no symptoms at all.

STIs are highly transmissible. Individuals who are sexually active may unknowingly carry and transmit an STI. Regular screening or testing for STIs is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for sexually active individuals.

Prompt treatment is essential for STIs, as they can pose serious health risks. Certain STIs, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are incurable and can be life-threatening if left untreated.

STIs vs. STDs

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct differences.

An infection occurs when bacteria, viruses, or parasites invade the body, whereas a disease typically presents clear symptoms.

To illustrate, an STD originates as an STI, but not all STIs progress to STDs.

Now that you understand this distinction, let us delve into the various types of STDs, their treatments, and, crucially, preventive measures.

What are the types of sexually transmitted infections?

The most common sexually transmitted infections are:

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a bacterial infection that often shows no symptoms. It, however, can cause serious reproductive issues if chlamydia treatment is not taken. It spreads easily through sexual contact.

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a viral infection that causes painful blisters and sores on the genital area. It remains in the body for life and can have recurring outbreaks.

Genital Warts

Genital warts are growths or lumps in the genital area caused by certain types of HPV. They can be itchy and uncomfortable but are treatable.

Gonorrhea (Clap)

STI Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection affecting the genital tract, mouth, or rectum. It can lead to severe health problems if untreated but is curable with antibiotics.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. It can become chronic and lead to liver damage, but vaccines are available for prevention.

HIV/AIDS

HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, and if untreated, can lead to AIDS, a life-threatening condition. Antiretroviral therapy can manage HIV infection.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

HPV is a common virus that can lead to genital warts and various cancers. Vaccines are available to protect against the most dangerous strains.

Pubic Lice (Crabs)

Pubic lice are tiny insects that infest the hair in the genital area, causing itching and discomfort. They are treatable with special shampoos and lotions.

Syphilis

STD Syphilis is a bacterial infection that progresses through stages, starting with sores and rashes and potentially leading to severe health issues if untreated. It is curable with antibiotics.

Trichomoniasis (Trick)

Trichomoniasis is a parasitic infection causing itching, discharge, and discomfort during urination. It is easily treatable with prescription medication.

Vaginitis

Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that can result from infections, irritation, or hormonal changes. Symptoms include discharge, itching, and pain.

How common are sexually transmitted infections?

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are widespread. Each year, over 25 million STIs happen in the United States. The CDC reports that in 2021, there were about 2.5 million cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis in the U.S. About half of these cases affect people aged 15 to 24.

Interesting facts about STIs/STDs

• Over 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired daily worldwide, most of which are asymptomatic. 
• Annually, there are an estimated 374 million new infections from one of four curable STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis. 
• More than 500 million people aged 15–49 are estimated to have a genital infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV or herpes). 
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is linked to over 3,11,000 cervical cancer deaths each year. 
• In 2016, nearly 1 million pregnant women were estimated to be infected with syphilis, leading to over 3,50,000 adverse birth outcomes. 
• STIs directly affect sexual and reproductive health through stigmatization, infertility, cancers, and pregnancy complications, and they can increase the risk of HIV. 
• Drug resistance poses a significant threat to reducing the global burden of STIs.

STI/STD Symptoms

STDs can show a variety of symptoms or sometimes none at all. This means they might go unnoticed until complications arise or a partner gets diagnosed.

Symptoms of STIs may include:

• Sores or bumps on the genitals, mouth, or rectal area
• Painful or burning urination
• Discharge from the penis
• Unusual or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• Unusual vaginal bleeding
• Pain during sex
• Sore, swollen lymph nodes, especially in the groin but possibly elsewhere
• Lower abdominal pain
• Fever
• Rash on the trunk, hands, or feet

Symptoms of an STI can appear a few days after exposure. However, depending on the type of STI, it might take years for noticeable symptoms to develop.

When to see a doctor?

See a healthcare professional right away if:

• You are sexually active and think you might have been exposed to an STI.
• You have symptoms of an STI.

Schedule an appointment with a healthcare professional:

• When you are thinking about becoming sexually active or by age 21, whichever comes first.
• Before you start having sex with a new partner.

STI/STD Causes

Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by:

• Bacteria: Examples include gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia.
• Parasites: Trichomoniasis is caused by a parasite.
• Viruses: These include human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which leads to AIDS.

Are sexually transmitted infections contagious?

Yes, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are contagious. Most STIs spread through sexual contact involving bodily fluids or skin-to-skin contact with an infected area, usually the genitals. Some STIs, like syphilis, can also be passed from mother to baby during childbirth.

If you have an STI, it is important to see a healthcare provider for treatment. Some STIs are curable. To prevent the spread of STIs, get tested regularly if you are sexually active, discuss your diagnosis with your sexual partners, and use protection during sex.

What are the risk factors for sexually transmitted infections?

Anyone who is sexually active risks getting or spreading an STD.

Factors that can increase the risk of getting an STI include:

• Having unprotected sex: Vaginal or anal sex with an infected partner who is not wearing a latex or polyurethane condom greatly increases the risk. Condoms made from natural membranes are not recommended because they do not effectively prevent some STIs. Not using condoms properly or consistently also raises the risk. Oral sex might be less risky, but STIs can still spread without a latex or polyurethane condom or a dental dam, a thin square piece of rubber made from latex or silicone.
• Having sexual contact with many partners: The more sexual partners you have, the higher you are at risk.
• Having a history of STIs: Previous infections make it easier to contract another STI.
• Being forced to engage in sexual activity: See a healthcare professional immediately for screening, treatment, and emotional support if you have been forced to have sexual intercourse.
• Misusing alcohol or using recreational drugs: Substance misuse can impair judgment, leading to risky behaviors.
• Injecting drugs: Sharing needles can spread serious infections like HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.
• Being young: People aged 15 to 24 report higher levels of STIs compared to older age groups.

Spread from mothers to infants

Some sexually transmitted infections can be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy or delivery, such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV, and syphilis. These STIs can cause serious health problems or even death in infants. Therefore, all pregnant women should be screened for STIs and receive treatment if necessary.

What are the complications of sexually transmitted infections?

Untreated sexually transmitted infections can cause lifelong complications. Common complications include:

• HIV can develop into AIDS.
• Syphilis can damage organs and the nervous system, and it can infect a developing fetus.
• Increased risk of spreading STIs to sexual partners.

For women, untreated STIs can lead to:

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can damage the uterus and cause infertility
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Infertility
• Chronic pelvic pain

For men, untreated STIs can result in:

• Infections in the urethra and prostate
• Swollen, sore testicles
• Infertility

STI/STD Prevention

There are many ways to avoid or reduce your risk of getting an STD:

• Avoid sex or sexual activity: The most effective way to avoid STDs is to abstain from sex.
• Stay with one uninfected partner: Being in a long-term relationship where both partners are only with each other and neither is infected can prevent STDs.
• Wait and test: Avoid vaginal and anal sex with new partners until both of you have been tested for STIs. Oral sex may be less risky, but STIs can still spread without a condom (latex or polyurethane) or a dental dam to prevent skin-to-skin contact.
• Get vaccinated: Vaccines can prevent certain STIs, such as those caused by HPV, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B. It is best to get vaccinated before having sex.
• Use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly: Use a new latex or polyurethane condom or dental dam for each sex act, whether oral, vaginal, or anal. Do not use oil-based lubricants like petroleum jelly with latex condoms or dental dams. These barriers offer less protection for STDs involving exposed genital sores, like HPV or herpes. Non-barrier contraception, like birth control pills or IUDs, does not protect against STIs.
• Do not drink alcohol excessively or use illegal drugs: Being under the influence can lead to risky sexual behavior.
• Talk to your partner: Before any sexual activity, discuss safer sex practices and agree on acceptable activities.
• Consider male circumcision: Circumcision can reduce the risk of getting HIV from an HIV-positive woman by up to 60%. It may also help prevent the spread of genital HPV and herpes.
• Consider preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP: The FDA has approved two combination medicines, Truvada and Descovy, to lower the risk of HIV infection in people at high risk. These must be taken daily as prescribed.

Your doctor will prescribe these medicines for HIV prevention only if you do not already have HIV. You will need an HIV test before starting PrEP and every three months while taking it.

Your healthcare professional will also check your kidney function before prescribing Truvada and every six months thereafter. If you have hepatitis B, consult an infectious disease specialist or liver specialist before starting PrEP.

According to the CDC, taking Truvada daily can lower your risk of getting HIV from sex by about 99% and from injection drug use by over 74%.

Research indicates that Descovy is also effective in lowering the risk of getting HIV from sex. However, Descovy has not been studied in people who have receptive vaginal sex. Using additional prevention methods, such as condoms, can further reduce your risk and help prevent other STIs.

STI/STD Diagnosis

Diagnosing an STD begins with discussing your sexual history and existing symptoms. If these indicate a possible STD, your doctor may perform a physical or pelvic exam to check for signs of infection, such as a rash, warts, or discharge.

Tests

STD Lab tests can identify the cause of symptoms and detect infections even when there are no symptoms.

• Blood tests: These can confirm HIV or later stages of syphilis.
• Urine samples: Some STD testing involves diagnosis through urine samples.
• Fluid samples: If you have open genital sores, your healthcare professional may test fluid and samples from the sores to determine the type of infection.

Screening

Screening involves testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in individuals without symptoms. Typically, STI screening is not a regular part of healthcare.

However, a healthcare provider might recommend screening if a person’s risk of contracting an STD increases. This heightened risk could arise from being in a higher-risk environment, such as a prison or jail, or due to factors like a history of sexually transmitted infections.

Experts recommend STI screening for:

• Almost everyone at least once: Guidelines suggest an HIV test using blood or saliva for everyone between ages 15 and 65, with annual tests for those at high risk. Hepatitis B screening is recommended for adults aged 18 and older, and hepatitis C screening for all adults.
• Pregnant women: Every pregnant woman is typically screened for HIV, hepatitis B, chlamydia, and syphilis early in pregnancy. High-risk individuals should also be screened for gonorrhea and hepatitis C at least once during pregnancy, and hepatitis B should be screened at each pregnancy.
• Women aged 21 and older: A Pap test is recommended every three years starting at age 21 to check for cervical changes, precancerous conditions, and cancer, often caused by HPV. After age 30, women should have an HPV test along with a Pap test every five years, or a Pap test alone every three years.
• Sexually active women under 25: As per experts, every sexually active woman below the age of 25 should be tested annually for chlamydia using a urine sample or vaginal fluid. Retesting for chlamydia is recommended about three months after treatment, or with a new partner. Gonorrhea screening is also advised for this group.
• Men who have sex with men: Men who sex with men face a higher risk of STIs and should have annual or more frequent screenings for HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. Hepatitis B screening may also be recommended.
• People with HIV: People suffering from HIV are at increased risk for other STIs. They should be tested for syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes after an HIV diagnosis, and screened for hepatitis C. Women with HIV should have a Pap test at diagnosis, or within a year of becoming sexually active if under 21, then annually for three years. After three negative results, a Pap test every three years is sufficient.
• People with a new partner: People with a new partner should both be tested for STIs before engaging in vaginal or anal sex. Routine testing for genital herpes is not recommended without symptoms, but be aware that a recent infection might not show up on tests.

STI/STD Treatment

STD treatment varies depending on the cause. Infections caused by bacteria are usually easier to treat, while those caused by viruses can be managed but not always cured.

For pregnant individuals with an STD, prompt treatment can prevent or reduce the risk of the baby becoming infected.

Treatment for sexually transmitted infections typically involves one of the following options, depending on the specific infection:

• Antibiotics: Antibiotics are often prescribed in a single dose to cure many STIs caused by bacteria or parasites, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis.

Completing the full prescription of antibiotics is crucial. If you anticipate difficulty adhering to the prescribed regimen, inform your healthcare provider. They may offer a shorter, simpler treatment option.

After completing antibiotic treatment and once any sores have healed, it is important to refrain from sexual activity for at least seven days.

Experts recommend retesting for chlamydia three months after treatment due to the high risk of reinfection.

• Antiviral drugs: If you are diagnosed with herpes or HIV, your doctor might recommend antiviral medication to prevent the worsening of the viral infection.

Consistently taking prescription antiviral medication as part of daily suppressive therapy can reduce the frequency of herpes outbreaks. However, there is still a risk of transmitting herpes to your partner.

Antiviral drugs can effectively manage HIV infection for many years, although you will remain a carrier of the virus and can still transmit it, albeit with reduced risk.

Initiating HIV treatment promptly enhances its effectiveness. Adhering to medication guidelines can decrease the viral load in your bloodstream to undetectable levels, preventing virus transmission to sexual partners.

Ask your doctor about the recommended timeframe for retesting after treatment for a sexually transmitted infection. This step ensures the effectiveness of the treatment and verifies that you have not contracted the infection again.

Notifying the partner taking preventive measures

If you are diagnosed with an STD, you need to inform your sexual partners. Notify your current partners as well as any partners you have had in the past three months to one year, so they can get tested and, if necessary, treated.

Partner notification can help reduce the spread of STDs, which is crucial for diseases like syphilis and HIV.

This process also encourages those at risk to seek counseling and treatment. Additionally, informing your partners reduces your risk of getting reinfected, as some STIs can be contracted more than once.

Coping and support

Discovering that you have an STD can be traumatic. You might feel angry if you believe you have been betrayed, or ashamed if you think you might have infected others.

Additionally, you may be worried since an STI can lead to chronic illness and death, even with the best available care.

These suggestions may help you cope with having an STD or STI:

• Avoid placing blame: Do not immediately assume your partner has been unfaithful. Either one of you may have been infected by a previous partner.
• Be honest with your healthcare provider: Their role is to provide treatment and prevent the spread of STIs, not to judge you. Anything you share with them remains confidential.

Preparing for your appointment

The doctor’s office is a place where you need to share details of your sexual history to receive appropriate care.

If discussing this topic makes you nervous, consider writing down your experiences. You can give this written information to your healthcare professional before or during your appointment.

What you can do

• Be mindful of any restrictions before your appointment. When scheduling, inquire if there are any preparations you need to make in advance.
• Note down any symptoms you are experiencing, even those that may seem unrelated to the reason for your appointment.
• Create a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements you are currently taking.
• Prepare a list of questions to ask your doctor.

Here are some basic questions you may ask your doctor:

• What is the infection(s) I have called?
• How is the infection transmitted?
• Will it affect my ability to have children?
• If I get pregnant, could I pass it on to my baby?
• Is it possible to contract this infection again?
• Could I have contracted this from someone I had sex with only once?
• Can I transmit this to someone by having sex just once?
• How long have I had this infection?
• I have other health conditions. How can I best manage them together?
• Should I avoid sexual activity while being treated?
• Does my partner need to see a doctor for treatment?

What to expect from your doctor?

Providing your doctor with every detail of your symptoms and sexual history will help them determine the best care for you.

Here are some questions your doctor may ask:

• What symptoms prompted you to come in? 
• How long have you had these symptoms?
• Are you sexually active with men, women, or both?
• Do you currently have one sex partner or multiple partners?
• How long have you been with your current partner(s)?
• Have you ever injected drugs?
• Have you ever had sex with someone who has injected drugs?
• What measures do you take to protect yourself from STIs?
• What do you do to prevent pregnancy?
• Has a doctor or nurse ever told you that you have chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, or HIV?
• Have you ever been treated for genital discharge, genital sores, painful urination, or an infection of your sex organs?
• How many sex partners have you had in the past year? In the past two months?
• When was your most recent sexual encounter?

What can you do in the meantime?

If you suspect you might have a sexually transmitted infection, it is best to avoid any sexual activity until you have consulted with your doctor.

If you engage in sexual activity before seeing your doctor, make sure to practice safe sex, such as using a condom.

Takeaway

Sexually transmitted infections or sexually transmitted diseases can completely turn your life upside down. As they are highly contagious, you should never take them lightly and immediately take action at the first sight of a symptom. STIs/STDs do not only hinder your lifestyle but can lead to death in certain situations. Hence, seeing a doctor at the earliest is the best step you can take to avoid complications.

Dr Monga’s in Delhi is the place where you can openly discuss your symptoms and sex history without feeling ashamed or the fear of being judged as the team of doctors here is extremely professional and treat STI/STD patients on a daily basis. With over 75 years of trust, Dr Monga’s in Delhi is one stop solution for all your sexual worries.